Tajikistan, located in the foothills of the Pamir and landlocked, is bordered by Uzbekistan to the west and north-west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, China to the east and Afghanistan to the south. The capital of the country is Dushanbe and the official language is Tajik.

The Republic of Tajikistan has an area of 141,000 km² and includes the republican city of Dushanbe, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Sogd and Khatlon Region, 17 cities, 62 districts, 55 villages and 368 rural «jamoats» (rural communities). The country has a population of about 10 million (2022). The telephone code of Tajikistan is +992 and the currency unit is somoni (TJS), in one somoni 100 dirams.

Tajikistan, as a mountainous country, is characterized by absolute altitudes from 300 to 7,495 meters above sea level. Ninety-three per cent of its territory is covered by mountain ranges, including the Pamir, Gissaro-Alai and Tien-Shan mountain ranges. The rich and fertile lands of the Fergana, Zerafshan, Vakhsh and Gissar valleys are divided by these ridges. This creates an exceptional variety of vegetation and fauna due to the complexity of the terrain and the high altitude of the mountains.