Sarazm is an ancient settlement of the IV-III millennia BC. This place, whose name literally translates as 'where the earth begins', is evidence of the early development of people in the Central Asian territory. Even in those days, there was a cultural and trade exchange here. Scientists have found evidence of exchange and trade between Sarcasm and Mesopotamia, modern India and Turkmenistan. Also, not only the caravans of the Great Silk Road passed here, but also the routes of the Great Lapis Lazuli and Tin Routes. Ruins of palaces and religious buildings have been preserved in Sarasm. Interestingly, a ventilation system was developed here several thousand years ago. Archaeologists also found tools, jewelry made of metals and stones, processed seashells and much more on this territory.All this was found by scientists in the second half of the twentieth century during the discovery of an ancient settlement. Therefore, archaeological work is still being carried out on 17 hectares of the ancient settlement.
Tigrovaya Balka is a protected area, which includes the Kashka-Kuma desert, the Khoja-Kozien Mountains, Buritau Peak and huge tugai forests. These forests are the only place on the planet where an entire ecosystem of tugai forests with Asian poplar has remained untouched. In addition, there is a great variety here.
The Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor is a UNESCO natural site that is protected in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This is the most important section of the Great Silk Road in the territory of modern Central Asia, which connected all other caravan routes. There are nine sites located on the territory of Tajikistan: ancient Penjikent, Gardani Hisor, the mausoleum of Khoja Muhammad Bashoro, the Sanjarshakh settlement, Hisorak fortress, Mug Castle, Kum Fortress, Tali Khamtuda, as well as the Toksankoriz irrigation system (Toksankorez).
This is a traditional musical genre that appeared on the territory of Tajikistan many centuries ago. Some scholars say that shashmak originated in Tajikistan in pre-Islamic times. The musical genre of shashmakom is singing to the accompaniment of national musical instruments. Once upon a time, shashmak was performed during receptions in palaces. Today, the genre preserves the traditions of classical singing, which is usually performed in a minor (sad) manner. Shashmakom's music is also under the auspices of UNESCO in Uzbekistan.
This holiday is a worldwide intangible heritage in several eastern countries, including Tajikistan. It is customary to prepare for Navruz in advance: housewives clean the house, because a clean home is not only a symbol of expectation of something new, but also a symbol of peace and prosperity. On this day, it is customary to prepare national treats, arrange family gatherings and folk festivals. Navruz has been uniting people of all ages for many centuries. For example, this holiday is written about in the famous 'Shahnameh' of Firdousi (the beginning of the XI century). The main dish of Navruz is sumanak. It is a sweet mass cooked from sprouted wheat without added sugar.
Perhaps this is one of the most famous dishes of Tajikistan. Palav is made from meat, rice, vegetables and spices. It can be enjoyed at every event where more than five people gather. Pilaf is eaten for both joyful and sad reasons. In Tajikistan, the preparation and serving of this dish is accompanied by certain rituals. For example, it is usually prepared by a group of people who sing, tell stories and pass on various knowledge and skills to each other. There are also sayings in the country that Tajiks really believe. For example: 'The one who treats you to palav, you have to respect for 40 years' and 'There is no oshi palav, so there are no friends.'
This is a completely unique art direction in Tajikistan, which is traditionally practiced by women and girls. In fact, a chakan is a bright hand–embroidered dress with long and wide sleeves. It is customary to wear it only on big holidays, because these clothes are treated with great respect. And also because it takes about two weeks to embroider traditional patterns. And only after that, a dress is cut and sewn for embroidery. Today, chakan embroidery is also decorated with skullcaps, shirts, blankets and pillows. Usually these products are passed down from generation to generation.
This is the folklore original music of the Tajiks from the mountainous regions, which is performed by singers with a wide range. Literally, 'falak' translates as 'heaven' or 'universe'. Many centuries ago, Tajiks blew up their songs to the sky, complaining about injustice or thanking God for the good. It is customary to perform falak as follows: the singer presses one hand to his ear in order to more accurately control his voice and hear himself. Falak is often performed a cappella, but increasingly it is customary to accompany the chants by playing national musical instruments. Today, the bottles contain words about love, separation, family and homeland.
This is a folklore character who was a philosopher and a sage. Some argue that such a person really existed. Nasruddin always found ways out of even the most difficult situations, ridiculing greedy and dishonest people. Stories about Khoja Nasreddin are under the auspices of UNESCO in six more countries around the world.
Since ancient times, Tajikistan has been engaged in silk production, as they say, from scratch. To this day, mulberry trees are grown here, and the future silkworm feeds on their leaves. Silk threads are woven from the cocoon created by the caterpillar. Tajiks are also engaged in the dyeing of threads and the production of silk products. Silk carpets and handmade fabrics made in Tajikistan are highly appreciated in the world. This intangible heritage is also found in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Sada (emphasis on the last syllable) is a holiday that is celebrated annually in Tajikistan on January 30, has ancient roots. The date of the celebration is not accidental – the Garden is celebrated when there are 50 days and 50 nights left before Navruz ('garden' translates as 'one hundred'). On this day, it is customary to prepare agricultural land for spring planting. During the celebration, rich tables with national Tajik dishes are set, dancing, singing and wearing national clothes. It is noteworthy that the Garden is celebrated by representatives of all cultural and religious groups.
Tazhib is the decoration of the text in gold. Several centuries ago, similar calligraphy was used for religious manuscripts. The texts were painted with paints made of natural pigments, and then covered with gold leaf. Today, tazhib decorates not only the Koran and other books, but also miniatures, and even walls. In addition, tazhib is used for the restoration of ancient texts and historical objects. Tazhib is also under UNESCO protection in Uzbekistan.
The national Tajik fabrics – atlas and adras – have been produced in this country for many centuries. At the same time, production secrets are passed down from generation to generation. Satin is a silk fabric, adras is a fabric made of silk and cotton. The threads for these fabrics are dyed by hand. Actually, the fabrics themselves are also created manually. To produce a cut of satin or an address with a width of 50 centimeters, up to 50 thousand threads are needed, an experienced craftswoman takes up to 10 days to work.
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